88 Most Important Questions of Universal Human Values For AKTU even Semester Exam – UNIT – WISE
UNIT – 1 Introduction to Universal Human Values
1. What do you mean by values or human values ?
Values are the main guiding forces in an individual’s life. Whatever
becomes a means of achieving happiness becomes valuable to us.
All our thoughts, behaviour and actions are based on the values
that an individual has.
2. What do you mean by your natural acceptance and experiential validation ?
Natural Acceptance : Natural Acceptance is something that is
within us. It is not something that we can find anywhere else.
Whatever seems naturally acceptable to us is right and whatever
causes confusion or conflict within us is wrong.
Experiential Validation : Experiential validation is a process
that infuses direct experience with the learning environment and
content.
3. What is fundamental value of life ? Elucidate.
Human values are the positive, desirable qualities of character
such as honesty, integrity, tolerance, responsibility, compassion,
justice and respect inherent in all human beings. Human values
are fundamental to human existence and span access cultures,
nationalities and classes. Human values emerge from the following
factors :
1. From society
2. Due to one’s own awareness, choice and judgment etc.
4. What are the five core human values ?
Five core human values are as follows :
1. Love
2. Truth
3. Peace
4. Right understanding
5. Non-violence
5. Describe the basic nature of man. How is it helpful in obtaining Natural acceptance ?
The needs of human nature can be expressed as tendencies to self-preservation,
to preservation of the species and to the acquisition
of the material conditions necessary to achieve these needs. Natural
acceptance is something that is within us. Whatever seems naturally
acceptable to us is right and whatever causes confusion in us is
wrong. Basic nature helps human being to decide what is right and
what is wrong.
6. What is the difference between prosperity and wealth ?
Prosperity : Prosperity is the feeling of having or making available
more than required physical facilities. To ascertain prosperity,
two things are essential :
1. Correct assessment of need for physical facilities.
2. The competence of making available more than required physical
facilities.
Wealth : Wealth is a physical thing. It means having money, or
having a lot of physical facilities, or both.
7. Define SVDD & SSDD ?
SVDD : SVDD stand for ‘SadhanViheenDukhiDaridra’. He/She
does not possess material facilities and happiness and feels
materially deficient, unhappy and deprived.
SSDD : SSDD stand for ‘SadhanSampannDukhiDaridra’. He/She
does possess material possessions but is still unhappy and feels
deprived.
8. What do you understand by LOVE ?
Love :
1. The feeling of being related to all is love (or prema).
2. The feeling of love leads to an Undivided Society, it starts from a
family and slowly expands to the world family. Every human being
has natural acceptance for relatedness upto the world family in
the form of love.
3. We start with trust, which becomes foundation for being related
to one (Affection), and we reach the state of being related to
everyone-Love.
9. What is the method to fulfill basic aspiration of human being? Is it same for everyone.
The basic requirements for fulfillment of human aspirations are :
1. Right Understanding : Right understanding helps us to decide
how we work for physical facilities and maintain feelings of
different relationship with others.
2. Relationship : In nature to create harmony there is a basic need
for affectionate relations with other individuals.
3. Physical Facilities : Physical facilities like food, clothes, shelter
and protection are the basic need of all human beings.
10. What is Sukh and Daridrata ?
Sukh : Sukh results from a variety of feelings that are effortless
and comes naturally to us. Trust, honesty, respect, confidence etc.,
are feelings that we welcome with open arms at all times. They lead
us to a state of harmony within us and with others around us.
Daridrata : Daridrata is basically deprived of physical facilities in
order to satisfy the self and body. Daridrata makes human being
unhappy. Human being is coexistence of self and body. The needs
of the body can be fulfilled by materials or physical facilities. Lacking
of these materials and physical facilities leads to daridrata.
11. Which will be true testimony of ethical human conduct for an individual ?
i. Person holding certificate of value education.
ii. Person believes in value education.
iii. Person reflecting his or her behaviour accordingly.
Person reflecting his or her behaviour accordingly.
12. Verify proposal, “Value education augment to utilize your professional competence”.
1. Professional ethics means to develop professional competence with
ethical human conduct.
2. The development of ethical competence is achieved through value
education.
3. Developing ethical competence in the individual is the only effective
way to ensure professional ethics. Hence value education augments
to utilize your professional competence.
13. What is the need for value education in technical and other professional Institutions ?
The subject that enables us to understand ‘what is valuable’ for
human happiness is called value education. The present education
system has become largely skill-based. The prime emphasis is on
science and technology. However, science and technology can only
help to provide the means to achieve what is considered valuable. It
is not within the scope of science and technology to provide the
competence of deciding what really is valuable.
14. What are the two basic aspirations of any human being ?
Basic Aspirations : Following are the basic aspirations of a human being :
1. Every Human Being aspires to be happy. All his efforts are toward
this end. The outcome from his efforts depends on the focus of the
effort, specifically on his notions about happiness.
2. When these notions are right, the outcome is mutual happiness.
When the notions are wrong, the outcome is unhappiness.
15. What are the abbreviations given as SVDD, SSDD AND SSSS signify ?
1. Those that do not have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy
and deprived. i.e., SVDD : Sadhan Viheen Dukhi Daridra –
Materially Deficient, Unhappy and Deprived.
2. Those that have physical facilities/ wealth and feel unhappy and
deprived. i.e., SSDD : Sadhan Sampann Dukhi Daridra – Materially
Affluent, Unhappy and Deprived.
3. Those that have physical facilities and feeling happy and prosperous
i.e., SSSS : Sadhan Sampann Sukhi Samriddha – Materially
Adequate, Happy and Prosperous.
16. What is meant by continuity of happiness ?
Continuity of happiness means that human being does not want
happiness in spurts, in intervals, but want it continuously.
17. Give the importance of value education.
The importance of value education are :
1. It helps us to explore our inner happiness.
2. It helps us to visualize our goals clearly.
3. It widens our perception towards analyzing things.
4. It helps us to build up strong relation.
18. Briefly explain happiness.
Happiness results from a variety of feelings that are effortless and
comes naturally to us. Trust, honesty, respect, confidence, etc. are
the feelings that we welcome with open arms at all times. They lead
us to a state of harmony within us and with others around us.
19. What is self-exploration ?
It is the process of observing what is within us and focusing attention
on yourself, your present beliefs and aspirations. It is a process of a
dialogue between ‘what we are’ and ‘what we really want to be’.
20. What is unhappiness ?
Unhappiness is the result of any kind of contradiction, struggle or
conflict within us or with any other person. Mistrust, dishonesty,
lack of respect and lack of confidence are some feelings that lead to
unhappiness.
21. Discuss briefly mutual fulfillment and mental prosperity.
Mutual fulfillment = Right understanding + Relationship
Mutual prosperity = Right understanding + Physical
facilities.
22. Write the need for Value Education.
The need for Value Education is :
1. Correct identification of our aspirations.
2. Understanding universal human values to fulfill our aspirations in
continuity.
3. Complementarily of values and skills.
4. Evaluation of our beliefs.
5. Technology and human values.
23. Explain the difference between animal consciousness and human consciousness.
1. Giving all priorities to physical facilities only, or to live solely on the
basis of physical facilities, maybe termed as ‘Animal Consciousness’.
2. Living with all three : Right understanding, relationship and physical
facilities is called ‘human consciousness’.
24. What is the difference between belief and understanding ?
Distinction between beliefs and understanding can be underpinned
by evaluating following points :
UNIT – 2 Understanding Harmony in the Human Being
1. Define Materialism.
An entity that does not have the activity of knowing, assuming,
recognizing and fulfilling is a Material Entity. Since, the Body is
only able to recognize and fulfill, we can conclude that the Body is
a Material Entity.
2. How can self control ensure healthy life ?
Sanyama (or self control or self regulation) refers to a feeling of
responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body.
When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the Self (‘I’)
and, there is harmony among the parts of the Body, it is referred to
as health or Svasthya. Sanyama (or self-regulation) is the basic of
Svasthya.
3. What is Sanyam ?
Sanyama or self-regulation is basically the feeling of response in
the Self to nurture, protect and rightly utilize the body. Since the
Body is an instrument of the Self, there is a need to take care of the
Body so that it is capable of carrying out the instructions of the Self.
4. What do you mean by Sukh and Suvidha ?
Sukh and Suvidha :
1. Sukh is a complete and all surrounding state of the mind that
creates inner harmony. Sukh is also called as happiness.
2. Suvidha implies that it is looking for physical comforts and all the
sources of attaining such comforts.
3. When our body gets used to a certain level of comfort then we will
only feel comfortable at that level e.g. comfort in cooler or air
conditioner.
5. ‘I’ is a conscious UNIT while the Body is a material UNIT. Examine this statement.
1. The Self or I has the ability to think, imagine, talk, walk, work etc.,
and thus it is the jeevan. It possesses the characteristic of being
aware or conscious. So, ‘I’ is a conscious unit.
2. An entity that does not have the activity of knowing, assuming,
recognizing and fulfilling is a Material Entity. Since, the Body is
only able to recognize and fulfill, we can conclude that the Body is
a Material unit.
6. Define Sanyam and Svasthya. How are the two related ?
1. Sanyama or self-regulation is basically the feeling of responsibility
in the Self to nurture, protect and rightly utilize the Body.
2. Svasthya can be explained as having two elements : when the
Body acts according to the needs of the I and when there is
harmony among all the parts of the Body.
3. When the Body is in harmony with the Self, the state of svasthya
occurs, making the Body fit for use by the Self. Svasthya also
means being anchored to the Self and being in close harmony
with the Self.
7. Can Σ D, T, E, activities of self be definite ? Give name to both definite, indefinite state of activities in self.
Yes Σ D, T, E, activities of self is definite.
Definite state of activity = Swatantrata.
Indefinite state of activity = Partantrata.
8. Differentiate between the activities of the Self and the Body on any two grounds.
Difference between Activities of the Self and the Body :
9. What is preconditioning ? What is their source ?
Preconditioning : Preconditioning means we have assumed
something about our desires on the basis of prevailing notion about
it.
Sources : They comes from what we read, see, hear, what our
parents tell us, our friends talk about what the social media talk of,
what we see on the TV etc.
10. What are the four levels of living ?
The four levels of our living are :
1. Living in myself.
2. Living in family.
3. Living in society.
4. Living in nature/existence.
11. How is our body a self-organized unit ?
The various functions that a body is involved with at all times,
including when we are asleep, makes it a self- organized unit. The
human body is a highly sophisticated mechanism and involves
numerous organs and glands and their ongoing function. Thus
each all in the body is self-organized and participates in the self-organization
of the body as a whole.
12. What are the various problems faced by us due to preconditioning ?
It includes :
1. Wavering aspirations.
2. State of resignation.
3. Lack of confidence.
4. Lack of qualitative improvement.
13. What happens when our desires are being set by outside ?
When our desires are being set by outside, there is a chance that
we may be in conflict. If our desires are being set by a preconditioning,
it is called manyata and if by some sensation from the
body, we are enslaved, it is called partantra.
14. What are the three requirements related to the Body ?
The three requirements of the Body are :
1. Nutrition
2. Protection
3. Right utilization
15. Why Sukh and Suvidha both are important ?
We need both Sukh and Suvidha for a happy and content human
being and so one cannot replace the other. For instance, if we only
have the trust of people around us but no house to live in, we will
not be happy and if we have a big house to live in with all the
comforts but no one whom we can trust and love, we will still be
unhappy. So, both are needs to be completely satisfied.
16. Explain briefly Seer.
The Seer is the one who understands and is also known as the
drasta. The Seer sees when the individual is happy or sad, angry or
upset. Sometimes the Self sees and understands through the body
and sometimes without the help of the Body.
17. Who is Enjoyer ?
Ans. The Enjoyer is the one who enjoys and is also known as the bhokta.
When an action is carried out, the Self is the one who enjoys it.
UNIT – 3 Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society
1. State the comprehensive human goals in society.
The programs (Such as Right living, Self Regulation, Preservation,
work or Storage) are needed to achieve the comprehensive human
goal are right understanding among the human being and to
facilitate the fulfillment of the basic aspirations of all human beings
in the society.
2. Explain the relationship between Truth and Respect.
Respect is a state of harmony between two human beings. When I
respect the other and the other respects me, I like to be in that
situation. It gives me happiness. To maintain this relationship you
have to be truthful to yourself and the other person. So, truth and
respect goes hand in hand with each other.
3. What do you understand by trust ?
Trust or vishwas is the fundamental value in all relationship. “To be
assured that each human being inherently wants one self and the
other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust.
4. What is the meaning of education and sanskara ? How does sanskara follow education ?
Education : Education means to understand the harmony at all
the four levels viz. individual, family, society and nature.
Sanskar : Sanskar refers to live in harmony at all four levels of
living.
5. How can we move towards the universal human order ?
1. Living in harmony of an individual right from the individual level to
the level of the entire order or existence is known as universal
human order.
2. Universal human order can be achieved only by right understanding.
6. How does affection lead to harmony in the family ?
These are :
1. We must understand the relationships that exist between one self
and another self.
2. The self has feelings in the relationship between the two people.
3. These feelings in the self are definite and can be identified with
definiteness.
4. It is by recognizing and fulfilling these feelings that happiness in a
relationship can be guaranteed.
7. Define trust. Explain the methods of its verification in brief.
To develop trust, we need to :
1. Be consistent in our actions.
2. Faith in competencies.
3. Do not keep secrets.
4. Do not pretend.
8. Point out as to what is invariant and universal among all human beings ?
Whatever we study as value education has to be universally
applicable to all human being and be true at all times and all placed.
In addition, it need not restrict itself to a certain sex, reed, gender,
nationality etc.
9. Describe the correct priorities of life. Explain the role of right understanding in brief.
1. Correct priority of life :
i. Right understanding ii. Love
iii. Truth iv. Peace
v. Non-violence
In order to be prosperous and to enrich nature, we need to have
‘right understanding’. The right understanding will enable us to
work out our requirement for physical facilities.
10. Out of intention and competence, point out the right criterion for human judgment.
1. Intention is what we aspire to achieve, therefore, it can be defined
as performing an action according to a specific purpose till the end
or goal that is aimed in mind.
2. Competence is ability to perform a specific task, action or function
successfully.
3. Generally we judge ourselves on the basis of our intention while
others on the basis of their competence.
11. Define Justice in relationships.
Justice is recognizing that feelings are definite in relationships,
fulfilling the relationships and the right evaluation of the fulfillment
which results in mutual happiness.
12. Write the elements of Justice.
Justice is composed of four elements :
1. Recognition of values or the definite nature of feelings.
2. Fulfillment.
3. Evaluation.
4. Ensuring mutual happiness.
13. What are the problems with relationships today ?
The problems with relationships today are recognizing them based
on body and exchange of physical goods.
14. Define intention.
Intention is what we aspire to achieve, therefore it can be defined
as performing an action according to a specific purpose, the end or
goal that is aimed in mind. It is the purpose behind our actions or
conduct.
15. What is competence ?
Competence is the ability to perform a specific task, action or function
successfully. The quality of being competent demands possession
of required skill, knowledge, qualification, or ability to perform a
task.
16. Briefly explain undivided society.
The feeling of being related to every human being in society leads
to our participation in an undivided society. When we have achieved
harmony at the level of individual and explored the harmony at the
family level, we walk towards achieving harmony at the level of
society and this gives us a feeling of world family.
17. You are having feeling of affection. What are two natural feeling as outcome of affection define them in brief.
The feeling of affection comes only if trust and respect are already
ensured. Without trust and respect, we feel the other is trying to
make us unhappy, does not wish well for us and hence we can
never feel affection for him/her. We always see the other as being
in opposition.
UNIT – 4 Understanding Harmony in the Nature and Existence
1. Define existence.
Understanding the self is the knowledge of self or I, this is known
as Jivan Gyan. Understanding the knowledge of existence is the
knowledge of Astitva. The knowledge of human conduct is known
as Manaviyata Purna Acharan Gyan. These three knowledge put
together forms the right understanding of existence.
2. Elaborate on the meaning of swatwa (innateness).
Each unit in existence exhibits innateness, quality that cannot be
separated from it. We refer to this principle as ‘Innateness’ also
called ‘ Dharana’ of that unit. This is intrinsic to the unit.
3. Define harmony in nature.
When all the living organisms on earth live together peacefully
and overlook the mutual differences, it is called harmony.
4. What do you mean by co-existence ?
It is a state in which two or more groups live together keeping in
mind their differences. The parties involved establish a relationship
where they can live non-violently.
5. Define the terms Gathansheel, Gathanpuran, Kriyapurnata and Acharanpurnata.
Gathansheel : The material units are transformable, and their
composition keeps on changing, hence these are gathansheel.
Gathanpurna : The other category of units the sentient ‘I’, do not
transform and are complete in composition, hence gathanpurna.
Kriyapurnata : Completion of right understanding in human being
is called kriyapurnata.
Acharanpurnata : Ability to live with complete understanding is
called acharanpurnata.
6. Give the four orders of nature.
These are :
1. Material order
2. Plant/Bio order
3. Animal order
4. Human order
7. Give brief details about space.
Space can be defined as an unlimited entity. It maintains certain
regularity and obeys certain laws. It is reflecting. This means that it
can be explained in terms of its relation with other object.
8. What is a holistic technology ?
By holistic approach, we mean the processes and the technology
adopted by us must be compatible with nature. A holistic model is
inherently conducive to the comprehensive human goal.
9. Define sential material and insentient material.
Sential Material : Any material which has consciousness is called
sentient material.
Example : The pranic (plant) order.
Insentient Material : Any material which does not have
consciousness is called insentient material.
Example : Cosmic objects.
10. Give the types of co-existence.
Ans. There are two types of co-existence :
1. Active co-existence
2. Passive co-existence
11. What is active co-existence ?
The relationship based on mutual respect for the diversity is called
active co-existence. The parties in this relationship embraces each
other differences, have got equal access to resources and
opportunities. The environment is that of peace, social cohesion,
justice and equality.
12. Define passive co-existence.
This is a kind of co-existence where one of the groups is less powerful
than the other. In this environment, there is lack of violence but it
has an unequal relationship.
13. Discuss material order.
This order comprises of non-living things. Also, various forms of
energies like sound, light, heat etc are also part of this order. The
fundamental characteristic of this order is composition/decomposition.
14. Explain briefly plant/bio order.
Ans. They comprise from single cell organism like fungi, algae to water
plants, herbs, shrubs and trees. They can reproduce, accept nutrition
from outside, digest, assimilate and grow. They also provide nutrition
to the animal and to the human order.
15. Define animal order.
The members of this order are living things. They share many of
the features of the plant order. They have greater degree of
locomotion than plants. The natural characteristic of this order is
that they realize or they are aware of the fact that there exists the
quality of self (I), therefore they have an intellectual faculty.
UNIT – 5 Implications of Holistic Understanding of Harmony on Professional Ethics
1. What do you mean by Ethics ?
Professional ethics refer to the code of conduct, moral ideals and
policies any professional should follow. It is the ethical obligation
that people in a profession have to follow due to their professional
status.
2. Discuss universal human values.
These are the values which are needed to be exercised by human
beings to live. They are a combination of likes, dislikes, judgments,
point of views of a human being. They are manifestation of truth of
existence.
3. What do you mean by ‘profession’ ? Why is it required to acquire ethical competence in profession ?
1. Profession is only a subset of the life activities.
2. The profession is not only a means of earning one’s livelihood but a
means of one’s evaluation by appropriate participation in the larger
order.
3. Developing ethical competence to the individual (profession) is the
only effective way to ensure professional ethics.
4. Explain Intrinsic and Extrinsic values.
Intrinsic Values : Intrinsic value is valuable in itself.
Truth, beauty and goodness are universally accepted as they intrinsic
values of human life.
Extrinsic Values : Extrinsic (Relative) value means that the worth
of something has for the sake of something else.
Extrinsic value is not desirable or worthy in itself.
5. Briefly explain utility value.
Utility value is the participation of body in ensuring the role of
physical facility of nurture, protection and providing means for the
body.
6. What is artistic value ?
Artistic value is the participation of a body in ensuring the role of
physical facility to help preserve its utility. Artistic value of an object
arises from its utility value.
7. What is ethical competence ?
Ethical competence or value competence is a manifestation of one’s
right understanding. It is a long-term process which can be achieved
through appropriate value education.
8. Give some features of ideal management model.
An ideal management model should have :
1. A whole-unit of workers working together with a feeling of
brotherhood.
2. Regular and fair appraisal of hard work.
3. Continuous value addition to the working system.
4. Effective integration of individual competencies.
9. Give some criteria’s which should be a part of holistic technologies.
They are :
1. Aim towards catering day to day human needs.
2. It should be durable.
3. It should have a low maintenance cost.
4. It should not have any health hazards.
10. What do you understand by Svarajya ?
Our surroundings include air, water, space, plants and animals.
The total existence has a togetherness and co-existence. This
togetherness in an organized manner where every individual serves
a function and is ready to help and support others is known as
Svarajya.
11. Explain energized and energy in equilibrium.
What we normally call or consider as energy today, is the ‘transfer
of energy’. All units are energized in space. This energy is available
to all units. In other words, space is equilibrium energy, all units
are in space; all units are energized and active being in space.
12. What are the five values which help human beings to live life in harmony ?
These are :
1. Love
2. Care
3. Truth
4. Responsibility
5. Justice
13. Give some essential qualities desired in a good professional.
A good professional should :
1. Maintain a friendly relationship with clients, consultants, contractors
and other people associated with the company.
2. Should not take bribe or offer bribe in forms of meals, gifts or
entertainments.
3. Should cautiously use the employer’s assets.
14. How ethical competence can be achieved ?
It can be achieved through :
1. Competence of one’s understanding in real life.
2. Competence of mutually enriching interaction with nature.
3. Clarity about comprehensive human goal.
15. List some unethical practices which are prevalent in today’s world.
These are :
1. Corruption.
2. Misappropriation of funds and tax evasion.
3. Hunger, poverty, illiteracy.
4. Endangering health and public safety.
